Handbook of “Basics of Cyber Hygiene for Higher Education Institutions” Published on: 24 Sept. 2025

A Handbook on Basics of Cyber Hygiene for Higher Education Institutions 1 A Handbook on Basics of Cyber Hygiene for Higher Education Institutions University Grants Commission Ministry of Education Government of India, New Delhi 50964/2025/Acad Aff. 1 File No. SVSU-AARS/206/2022-Academic Affairs (Computer No. 3518) Generated from eOffice by Sudha Rawat, DEO(S), DATA ENTRY OPERATOR, O/o Vice Chancellor on 24/09/2025 05:01 pm -- 1 of 126 -- 2 A Handbook on Basics of Cyber Hygiene for Higher Education Institutions © University Grants Commission November, 2024 Printed and Published by : Secretary, University Grants Commission, Bahadur ShahZafar Marg, New Delhi-110002 ISBN Number:-978-81-948355-0-9 50964/2025/Acad Aff. 2 File No. SVSU-AARS/206/2022-Academic Affairs (Computer No. 3518) Generated from eOffice by Sudha Rawat, DEO(S), DATA ENTRY OPERATOR, O/o Vice Chancellor on 24/09/2025 05:01 pm -- 2 of 126 -- A Handbook on Basics of Cyber Hygiene for Higher Education Institutions 3 Contents S.No. Description Page No. FOREWORD vii LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES x 1. Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Understanding Digital Hygiene 1 1.2 The Need for Digital Hygiene in the Education Sector 2 1.3 Some Other Related Terms 3 1.3.1 Cyberspace 3 1.3.2 Surface Web 3 1.3.3 Deep Web 3 1.3.4 Dark Web 3 1.3.5 Digital Footprints 4 1.3.6 Digital Inheritance 4 1.3.7 Wire Frauds 4 1.3.8 Cybercrime 4 1.3.9 Data Breach 5 1.3.10 Data Recovery 5 1.3.11 Cyber security 5 1.3.12 Information Security 5 1.3.13 Zero Trust Security 6 1.3.14 Digital Forensics 6 1.4 Why Do People Fall Victim to Cyber Crimes? 6 1.5 Why Do People Commit Cybercrimes? 7 1.6 Threat Landscape of Cybercrimes 7 1.7 Understanding Attack Vectors 8 1.7.1 Social Engineering 8 1.7.2 Malware 8 1.7.3 Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) 9 1.8 Basics of Being Cyber Safe 9 1.9 Be Cautious and Follow Internet Ethics 10 2. Chapter 2: Malware and its Types 12 2.1 Understanding Basics of Malware 12 2.2 Types of Malware 13 2.2.1 Virus 13 2.2.2 Worm 13 2.2.3 Trojan 13 2.2.4 Backdoor 13 2.2.5 Rootkits 13 2.2.6 Bots and Botnets 14 2.2.7 Advanced Persistent Threat 15 2.2.8 Ransomware 15 50964/2025/Acad Aff. 3 File No. SVSU-AARS/206/2022-Academic...